A grounded antenna used to measure earth conductivity
A horizontal antenna used to compare Yagi antennas
A theoretical antenna used as a reference for antenna gain
A spacecraft antenna used to direct signals toward the earth

1.55 dB
2.15 dB
3.05 dB
4.30 dB

Quarter-wave vertical
Yagi
Half-wave dipole
Isotropic antenna

To match impedances for maximum power transfer from a feed line
To measure the near-field radiation density from a transmitting antenna
To calculate the front-to-side ratio of the antenna
To calculate the front-to-back ratio of the antenna

Transmission-line length and antenna height
Antenna height and conductor length/diameter ratio, and location of nearby conductive objects
It is a physical constant and is the same for all antennas
Sunspot activity and time of day

Effective radiated power
Radiation conversion loss
Antenna efficiency
Beamwidth

Radiation resistance plus space impedance
Radiation resistance plus transmission resistance
Transmission-line resistance plus radiation resistance
Radiation resistance plus ohmic resistance

A dipole one-quarter wavelength long
A type of ground-plane antenna
A dipole constructed from one wavelength of wire forming a very thin loop
A hypothetical antenna used in theoretical discussions to replace the radiation resistance

The numerical ratio relating the radiated signal strength of an antenna in the direction of maximum radiation to that of a reference antenna
The numerical ratio of the signal in the forward direction to that in the opposite direction
The ratio of the amount of power radiated by an antenna compared to the transmitter output power
The final amplifier gain minus the transmission-line losses (including any phasing lines present)

Antenna length divided by the number of elements
The frequency range over which an antenna satisfies a performance requirement
The angle between the half-power radiation points
The angle formed between two imaginary lines drawn through the element ends

(radiation resistance / transmission resistance) x 100%
(radiation resistance / total resistance) x 100%
(total resistance / radiation resistance) x 100%
(effective radiated power / transmitter output) x 100%

By installing a good radial system
By isolating the coax shield from ground
By shortening the vertical
By reducing the diameter of the radiating element

The standing-wave ratio
Base current
Soil conductivity
Base impedance

3.85 dB
6.0 dB
8.15 dB
2.79 dB

6.17 dB
9.85 dB
12.5 dB
14.15 dB

The combined losses of the antenna elements and feed line
The specific impedance of the antenna
The value of a resistance that would dissipate the same amount of power as that radiated from an antenna
The resistance in the atmosphere that an antenna must overcome to be able to radiate a signal

The orientation of its magnetic field (H Field)
The orientation of its free-space characteristic impedance
The orientation of its electric field (E Field)
Its elevation pattern

75 degrees
50 degrees
25 degrees
30 degrees

36 dB
18 dB
24 dB
14 dB

12 dB
14 dB
18 dB
24 dB

Feed-point impedance may become negative
The E-field and H-field patterns may reverse
Element spacing limits could be exceeded
The gain may exhibit significant variations

The front-to-back ratio increases
The front-to-back ratio decreases
The frequency response is widened over the whole frequency band
The SWR is reduced

The gain increases
The SWR decreases
The front-to-back ratio increases
The gain bandwidth decreases rapidly

The total amount of radiation from the directional antenna is increased by the gain of the antenna
The total amount of radiation from the directional antenna is stronger by its front to back ratio
There is no difference between the two antennas
The radiation from the isotropic antenna is 2.15 dB stronger than that from the directional antenna

Note the two points where the signal strength of the antenna is 3 dB less than maximum and compute the angular difference
Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated power lobes from the front and rear of the antenna
Draw two imaginary lines through the ends of the elements and measure the angle between the lines
Measure the ratio of the signal strengths of the radiated power lobes from the front and side of the antenna

Graphical analysis
Method of Moments
Mutual impedance analysis
Calculus differentiation with respect to physical properties

A wire is modeled as a series of segments, each having a distinct value of current
A wire is modeled as a single sine-wave current generator
A wire is modeled as a series of points, each having a distinct location in space
A wire is modeled as a series of segments, each having a distinct value of voltage across it

Ground conductivity will not be accurately modeled
The resulting design will favor radiation of harmonic energy
The computed feed-point impedance may be incorrect
The antenna will become mechanically unstable

They can only be used for simple wire antennas
They are not capable of generating both vertical and horizontal polarization patterns
Computing time increases as the number of wire segments is increased
All of these answers are correct

Next Element Comparison
Numerical Electromagnetics Code
National Electrical Code
Numeric Electrical Computation

SWR vs. frequency charts
Polar plots of the far-field elevation and azimuth patterns
Antenna gain
All of these answers are correct

A cardioid
Omnidirectional
A figure-8 broadside to the axis of the array
A figure-8 oriented along the axis of the array

A cardioid
A figure-8 end-fire along the axis of the array
A figure-8 broadside to the axis of the array
Omnidirectional

Omnidirectional
A cardioid
A Figure-8 broadside to the axis of the array
A Figure-8 end-fire along the axis of the array

Unidirectional; four-sided, each side one quarter-wavelength long; terminated in a resistance equal to its characteristic impedance
Bidirectional; four-sided, each side one or more wavelengths long; open at the end opposite the transmission line connection
Four-sided; an LC network at each corner except for the transmission connection;
Four-sided, each side of a different physical length

Wide frequency range, high gain and high front-to-back ratio
High front-to-back ratio, compact size and high gain
Unidirectional radiation pattern, high gain and compact size
Bidirectional radiation pattern, high gain and wide frequency range

The antenna has a very narrow operating bandwidth
The antenna produces a circularly polarized signal
The antenna requires a large physical area and 4 separate supports
The antenna is more sensitive to man-made static than any other type

It reflects the standing waves on the antenna elements back to the transmitter
It changes the radiation pattern from bidirectional to unidirectional
It changes the radiation pattern from horizontal to vertical polarization
It decreases the ground loss

Elevation
Azimuth
Radiation resistance
Polarization

45 degrees
75 degrees
7.5 degrees
25 degrees

15 dB
28 dB
3 dB
24 dB

4
3
1
7

The low-angle radiation decreases
The high-angle radiation increases
Both the high- and low-angle radiation decrease
The low-angle radiation increases

Its overall length must not exceed 1/4 wavelength
It must be mounted more than 1 wavelength above ground
It should be configured as a four-sided loop
It should be one or more wavelengths long

Vertically
Horizontally
Right-hand elliptically
Left-hand elliptically

The conductivity and dielectric constant of the soil in the area of the antenna
The radiation resistance of the antenna and matching network
The SWR on the transmission line
The transmitter output power

It will reduce far-field ground losses when the antenna is operated over poor soil
It reduces near-field ground losses, compared to on-ground systems using more radials
It improves high-angle radiation when the antenna is used for path lengths under 500 miles
It lowers the radiation resistance of the system, making it more efficient

It causes increased SWR
It changes the impedance angle of the matching network
It reduces low-angle radiation
It reduces losses in the radiating portion of the antenna

Gain does not change
Gain is multiplied by 0.707
Gain increases 6 dB
Gain increases 3 dB

Stack two Yagis, fed 90 degrees out of phase, to form an array with the respective elements in parallel planes
Stack two Yagis, fed in phase, to form an array with the respective elements in parallel planes
Arrange two Yagis perpendicular to each other with the driven elements at the same point on the boom and fed 90 degrees out of phase
Arrange two Yagis collinear to each other, with the driven elements fed 180 degrees out of phase

It increases geometrically
It increases arithmetically
It is essentially unaffected
It decreases

In order to track the satellite as it orbits the earth
So the antenna can be pointed away from interfering signals
So the antenna can be positioned to cancel the effects of Faraday rotation
To rotate antenna polarization to match that of the satellite

Near the center of the vertical radiator
As low as possible on the vertical radiator
As close to the transmitter as possible
At a voltage node

To swamp out harmonics
To maximize losses
To minimize losses
To minimize the Q

It might radiate harmonics
It can only be used for single-band operation
It is too sharply directional at lower frequencies
It must be neutralized

It is increased
It is decreased
No change occurs
It becomes flat

Lower Q
Greater structural strength
Higher losses
Improved radiation efficiency

300 ohms
72 ohms
50 ohms
450 ohms

To improve reception
To lower the losses
To lower the Q
To cancel capacitive reactance

It has high directivity in the higher-frequency bands
It has high gain
It minimizes harmonic radiation
It may be used for multi-band operation

The resistance decreases and the capacitive reactance decreases
The resistance decreases and the capacitive reactance increases
The resistance increases and the capacitive reactance decreases
The resistance increases and the capacitive reactance increases

A resistive wire, such as a spark-plug wire
A thin, flat copper strap several inches wide
A cable with 6 or 7 18-gauge conductors in parallel
A single 12 or 10 gauge stainless steel wire

A 50-ohm resistor connected to ground
A connection to a metal water pipe
A connection to 3 or 4 interconnected ground rods driven into the Earth
A connection to 3 or 4 interconnected ground rods via a series RF choke

The gamma matching system
The delta matching system
The omega matching system
The stub matching system

The gamma match
The delta match
The omega match
The stub match

The gamma match
The delta match
The omega match
The stub match

To provide DC isolation between the feed-line and the antenna
To compensate for the inductive reactance of the matching network
To provide a rejection notch to prevent the radiation of harmonics
To transform the antenna impedance to a higher value

The driven element reactance must be capacitive
The driven element reactance must be inductive
The driven element resonance must be lower than the operating frequency
The driven element radiation resistance must be higher than the characteristic impedance of the transmission line

Pi network
Pi-L network
L network
Parallel-resonant tank

Characteristic impedance
Reflection coefficient
Velocity factor
Dielectric Constant

An SWR less than 1:1
A reflection coefficient greater than 1
A dielectric constant greater than 1
An SWR greater than 1:1

Double-bazooka match
Hairpin match
Gamma match
All of these answers are correct

Connect a 1/4-wavelength open stub of 300-ohm twin-lead in parallel with the coaxial feed-line where it connects to the antenna
Insert a 1/2 wavelength piece of 300-ohm twin-lead in series between the antenna terminals and the 50-ohm feed cable
Insert a 1/4-wavelength piece of 75-ohm coaxial cable transmission line in series between the antenna terminals and the 50-ohm feed cable
Connect 1/2 wavelength shorted stub of 75-ohm cable in parallel with the 50-ohm cable where it attaches to the antenna

Use a 50-ohm 1:1 balun between the antenna and feed-line
Use the "universal stub" matching technique
Connect a series-resonant LC network across the antenna feed terminals
Connect a parallel-resonant LC network across the antenna feed terminals

It ensures that each driven element operates in concert with the others to create the desired antenna pattern
It prevents reflected power from traveling back down the feed-line and causing harmonic radiation from the transmitter
It allows single-band antennas to operate on other bands
It makes sure the antenna has a low-angle radiation pattern

It divides the operating frequency of a transmitter signal so it can be used on a lower frequency band
It is used to feed high-impedance antennas from a low-impedance source
It divides power equally among multiple loads while preventing changes in one load from disturbing power flow to the others
It is used to feed low-impedance loads from a high-impedance source

The ratio of the characteristic impedance of the line to the terminating impedance
The index of shielding for coaxial cable
The velocity of the wave in the transmission line multiplied by the velocity of light in a vacuum
The velocity of the wave in the transmission line divided by the velocity of light in a vacuum

The termination impedance
The line length
Dielectric materials used in the line
The center conductor resistivity

Skin effect is less pronounced in the coaxial cable
The characteristic impedance is higher in a parallel feed line
The surge impedance is higher in a parallel feed line
Electrical signals move more slowly in a coaxial cable than in air

2.70
0.66
0.30
0.10

20 meters
2.3 meters
3.5 meters
0.2 meters

15 meters
20 meters
10 meters
71 meters

Lower loss
Higher SWR
Smaller reflection coefficient
Lower velocity factor

Velocity factor
Characteristic impedance
Surge impedance
Standing wave ratio

10 meters
6.9 meters
24 meters
50 meters

A capacitive reactance
The same as the characteristic impedance of the line
An inductive reactance
The same as the input impedance to the final generator stage

The same as the characteristic impedance of the line
An inductive reactance
A capacitive reactance
The same as the input impedance of the final generator stage

A very high impedance
A very low impedance
The same as the characteristic impedance of the line
The same as the input impedance to the final generator stage

A very high impedance
A very low impedance
The same as the characteristic impedance of the transmission line
The same as the generator output impedance

A very high impedance
A very low impedance
The same as the characteristic impedance of the line
The same as the output impedance of the generator

A very high impedance
A very low impedance
The same as the characteristic impedance of the line
The same as the output impedance of the generator

Reduced safe operating voltage limits
Reduced losses per unit of length
Higher velocity factor
All of these answers are correct

Impedance along transmission lines
Radiation resistance
Antenna radiation pattern
Radio propagation

Voltage circles and current arcs
Resistance circles and reactance arcs
Voltage lines and current chords
Resistance lines and reactance chords

Beam headings and radiation patterns
Satellite azimuth and elevation bearings
Impedance and SWR values in transmission lines
Trigonometric functions

Resistance and voltage
Reactance and voltage
Resistance and reactance
Voltage and impedance

Smith chart
Free-space radiation directivity chart
Elevation angle radiation pattern chart
Azimuth angle radiation pattern chart

Prime axis
Reactance axis
Impedance axis
Polar axis

The reactance axis
The current axis
The voltage axis
The resistance axis

Reassigning resistance values with regard to the reactance axis
Reassigning reactance values with regard to the resistance axis
Reassigning impedance values with regard to the prime center
Reassigning prime center with regard to the reactance axis

Standing-wave ratio circles
Antenna-length circles
Coaxial-length circles
Radiation-pattern circles

Frequency
SWR
Points with constant resistance
Points with constant reactance

In fractions of transmission line electrical frequency
In fractions of transmission line electrical wavelength
In fractions of antenna electrical wavelength
In fractions of antenna electrical frequency

1977 watts
78.7 watts
420 watts
286 watts

317 watts
2000 watts
126 watts
300 watts

159 watts
252 watts
632 watts
63.2 watts

Power factor
Half-power bandwidth
Effective radiated power
Apparent power

It has a bidirectional pattern
It is non-rotatable
It receives equally well in all directions
It is practical for use only on VHF bands

The geometric angle of sky waves from the source are used to determine its position
A fixed receiving station plots three headings from the signal source on a map
Antenna headings from several different receiving stations are used to locate the signal source
A fixed receiving station uses three different antennas to plot the location of the signal source

It narrows the bandwidth of the received signal
It eliminates the effects of isotropic radiation
It reduces loss of received signals caused by antenna pattern nulls
It prevents receiver overload from extremely strong signals

It modifies the pattern of a DF antenna array to provide a null in one direction
It increases the sensitivity of a DF antenna array
It allows DF antennas to receive signals at different vertical angles
It provides diversity reception that cancels multipath signals

A large circularly-polarized antenna
A small coil of wire tightly wound around a toroidal ferrite core
One or more turns of wire wound in the shape of a large open coil
Any antenna coupled to a feed line through an inductive loop of wire

By reducing the permeability of the loop shield
By increasing the number of wire turns in the loop and reducing the area of the loop structure
By reducing either the number of wire turns in the loop or the area of the loop structure
By increasing either the number of wire turns in the loop or the area of the loop structure

The broad-side responses of the cardioid pattern can be aimed at the desired station
The response characteristics of the cardioid pattern can assist in determining the direction of the desired station
The extra side lobes in the cardioid pattern can pinpoint the direction of the desired station
The high-radiation angle of the cardioid pattern is useful for short-distance direction finding

It automatically cancels ignition noise pickup in mobile installations
It is electro-statically balanced with against ground, giving better nulls
It eliminates tracking errors caused by strong out-of-band signals
It allows stations to communicate without giving away their position