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Amateur Radio Question PoolsNew! View the differences between the 2008 Extra question pool and the previous pool. Amateur Extra (Eff. July 2008) Question PoolPrev 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 NextE2A01 What is the direction of an ascending pass for an amateur satellite? From west to east From east to west From south to north From north to south E2A02 What is the direction of a descending pass for an amateur satellite? From north to south From west to east From east to west From south to north E2A03 What is the orbital period of a satellite? The point of maximum height of a satellite's orbit The point of minimum height of a satellite's orbit The time it takes for a satellite to complete one revolution around the Earth The time it takes for a satellite to travel from perigee to apogee E2A04 What is meant by the term “mode†as applied to an amateur radio satellite? The type of signals that can be relayed through the satellite The satellite's uplink and downlink frequency bands The satellite's orientation with respect to the Earth Whether the satellite is in a polar or equatorial orbit E2A05 What do the letters in a satellite's mode designator specify? Power limits for uplink and downlink transmissions The location of the ground control station The polarization of uplink and downlink signals The uplink and downlink frequencies E2A06 On what band would a satellite receive signals if it were operating in mode U/V? 432 MHz 144 MHz 50 MHz 28 MHz E2A07 Which of the following types of signals can be relayed through a linear transponder? FM and CW SSB and SSTV PSK and Packet All these answers are correct E2A08 What is the primary reason for satellite users to limit their transmit ERP? For RF exposure safety Because the satellite transmitter output power is limited To avoid limiting the signal of the other users To avoid interfering with terrestrial QSOs E2A09 What do the terms L band and S band specify with regard to satellite communications? The 23 centimeter and 13 centimeter bands The 2 meter and 70 centimeter bands FM and Digital Store-and-Forward systems Which sideband to use E2A10 Why may the received signal from an amateur satellite exhibit a rapidly repeating fading effect? Because the satellite is rotating Because of ionospheric absorption Because of the satellite's low orbital altitude Because of the Doppler effect E2A11 What type of antenna can be used to minimize the effects of spin modulation and Faraday rotation? A linearly polarized antenna A circularly polarized antenna An isotropic antenna A log-periodic dipole array E2A12 What is one way to predict the location of a satellite at a given time? By means of the Doppler data for the specified satellite By subtracting the mean anomaly from the orbital inclination By adding the mean anomaly to the orbital inclination By calculations using the Keplerian elements for the specified satellite E2A13 What type of satellite appears to stay in one position in the sky? HEO Geosynchronous Geomagnetic LEO E2A14 What happens to a satellite's transmitted signal due to the Doppler Effect? The signal strength is reduced as the satellite passes overhead The signal frequency shifts lower as the satellite passes overhead The signal frequency shifts higher as the satellite passes overhead The polarization of the signal continually rotates E2B01 How many times per second is a new frame transmitted in a fast-scan (NTSC) television system? (edited) 30 60 90 120 E2B02 How many horizontal lines make up a fast-scan (NTSC) television frame? 30 60 525 1080 E2B03 How is an interlace scanning pattern generated in a fast-scan (NTSC) television system? By scanning two fields simultaneously By scanning each field from bottom to top By scanning lines from left to right in one field and right to left in the next By scanning odd numbered lines in one field and even numbered ones in the next E2B04 What is blanking in a video signal? Synchronization of the horizontal and vertical sync pulses Turning off the scanning beam while it is traveling from right to left or from bottom to top Turning off the scanning beam at the conclusion of a transmission Transmitting a black and white test pattern E2B05 Which of the following is an advantage of using vestigial sideband for standard fast scan TV transmissions? The vestigial sideband carries the audio information The vestigial sideband contains chroma information Vestigial sideband reduces bandwidth while allowing for simple videodetector circuitry Vestigial sideband provides high frequency emphasis to sharpen the picture E2B06 What is vestigial sideband modulation? Amplitude modulation in which one complete sideband and a portion ofthe other sideband is transmitted A type of modulation in which one sideband is inverted Narrow-band FM transmission achieved by filtering one sideband fromthe audio before frequency modulating the carrier Spread spectrum modulation achieved by applying FM modulation following single sideband amplitude modulation E2B07 What is the name of the video signal component that carries color information? Luminance Chroma Hue Spectral Intensity E2B08 Which of the following is a common method of transmitting accompanying audio with amateur fast-scan television? A Frequency-modulated sub-carrier A separate VHF or UHF audio link Frequency modulation of the video carrier All of these choices are correct E2B09 What hardware, other than a transceiver with SSB capability and a suitable computer, is needed to decode SSTV based on Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM)? A special IF converter A special front end limiter A special notch filter to remove synchronization pulses No other hardware is needed E2B10 Which of the following is an acceptable bandwidth for Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) based voice or SSTV digital transmissions made on the HF amateur bands? 3 KHz 10 KHz 15 KHz 20 KHz E2B11 What is the function of the Vertical Interval Signaling (VIS) code transmitted as part of an SSTV transmission? To lock the color burst oscillator in color SSTV images To identify the SSTV mode being used To provide vertical synchronization To identify the callsign of the station transmitting E2B12 How are analog slow-scan television images typically transmitted on the HF bands? Video is converted to equivalent Baudot representation Video is converted to equivalent ASCII representation Varying tone frequencies representing the video are transmitted using FM. Varying tone frequencies representing the video are transmitted using single sideband E2B13 How many lines are commonly used in each frame on an amateur slow-scan color television picture? 30 to 60 60 or 100 128 or 256 180 or 360 E2B14 What aspect of an amateur slow-scan television signal encodes the brightness of the picture? Tone frequency Tone amplitude Sync amplitude Sync frequency E2B15 What signals SSTV receiving equipment to begin a new picture line? Specific tone frequencies Elapsed time Specific tone amplitudes A two-tone signal E2B16 Which of the following is the video standard used by North American Fast Scan ATV stations? PAL DRM Scottie NTSC E2B17 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of FMTV (Frequency-Modulated Amateur Television) as compared to vestigial sideband AM television? Immunity from fading due to limiting Poor weak signal performance Greater signal bandwidth Greater complexity of receiving equipment E2B18 What is the approximate bandwidth of a slow-scan TV signal? 600 Hz 3 kHz 2 MHz 6 MHz E2B19 On which of the following frequencies is one likely to find FMTV transmissions? 14.230 MHz 29.6 MHz 52.525 MHz 1255 MHz E2B20 What special operating frequency restrictions are imposed on slow scan TV transmissions? None; they are allowed on all amateur frequencies They are restricted to 7.245 MHz, 14.245 MHz, 21.345, MHz, and 28.945 MHz They are restricted to phone band segments and their bandwidth can be no greater than that of a voice signal of the same modulation type They are not permitted above 54 MHz E2B21 If 100 IRE units correspond to the most-white level in the NTSC standard video format, what is the level of the most-black signal? (NEW, adapt) 140 IRE units 7.5 IRE units 0 IRE units -40 IRE units E2C01 Which of the following is true about contest operating? Operators are permitted to make contacts even if they do not submit a log Interference to other amateurs is unavoidable and therefore acceptable It is mandatory to transmit the call sign of the station being worked as part of every transmission to that station Every contest requires a signal report in the exchange E2C02 Which of the following best describes “self spotting†in regards to contest operating? The generally prohibited practice of posting one’s own call sign and frequency on a call sign spotting network The acceptable practice of manually posting the call signs of stations on a call sign spotting network A manual technique for rapidly zero beating or tuning to a station’s frequency before calling that station An automatic method for rapidly zero beating or tuning to a station’s frequency before calling that station E2C03 From which of the following bands is amateur radio contesting generally excluded? 30 meters 6 meters 2 meters 33 cm E2C04 On which of the following frequencies is an amateur radio contest contact generally discouraged? 3.525 MHz 14.020 MHz 28.330 MHz 146.52 MHz E2C05 Which of the following frequencies would generally be acceptable for U.S. stations to work other U.S. stations in a phone contest? (97.301) 5405 kHz 14.310 MHz 50.050 MHz 146.52 MHz E2C06 During a VHF/UHF contest, in which band segment would you expect to find the highest level of activity? At the top of each band, usually in a segment reserved for contests In the middle of each band, usually on the national calling frequency In the weak signal segment of the band, with most of the activity near the calling frequency In the middle of the band, usually 25 kHz above the national calling frequency E2C07 What is the Cabrillo format? A standard for organizing information in contest log files A method of exchanging information during a contest QSO The most common set of contest rules The rules of order for meetings between contest sponsors E2C08 Why are received spread-spectrum signals resistant to interference? Signals not using the spectrum-spreading algorithm are suppressed in the receiver The high power used by a spread-spectrum transmitter keeps its signal from being easily overpowered The receiver is always equipped with a digital blanker circuit If interference is detected by the receiver it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies E2C09 How does the spread-spectrum technique of frequency hopping (FH) work? If interference is detected by the receiver it will signal the transmitter to change frequencies If interference is detected by the receiver it will signal the transmitter to wait until the frequency is clear A pseudo-random binary bit stream is used to shift the phase of an RF carrier very rapidly in a particular sequence The frequency of the transmitted signal is changed very rapidly according to a particular sequence also used by the receiving station E2C10 Why might a phone DX station state that he is listening on another frequency? Because the DX station may be transmitting on a frequency that is prohibited to some responding stations To separate the calling stations from the DX station To reduce interference, thereby improving operating efficiency All of these choices are correct E2C11 How should you generally sign your call when attempting to contact a DX station working a “pileup†or in a contest? Send your full call sign once or twice Send only the last two letters of your call sign until you make contact Send your full call sign and grid square Send the call sign of the DX station three times, the words "this is", then your call sign three times E2C12 In North America during low sunspot activity, when signals from Europe become weak and fluttery across an entire HF band two to three hours after sunset, what might help to contact other European DX stations? Switch to a higher frequency HF band Switch to a lower frequency HF band Wait 90 minutes or so for the signal degradation to pass Wait 24 hours before attempting another communication on the band E2D01 What does “command mode†mean in packet operations? Your computer is ready to run packet communications software The TNC is ready to receive instructions via the keyboard Your TNC has received a command packet from a remote TNC The computer is ready to be set up to communicate with the TNC E2D02 What is the definition of “baud� The number of data symbols transmitted per second The number of characters transmitted per second The number of characters transmitted per minute The number of words transmitted per minute E2D03 Which of the follow is true when comparing HF and 2-meter packet operations? HF packet typically uses FSK with a data rate of 300 baud; 2-meter packet uses AFSK with a data rate of 1200 baud HF packet and 2-meter packet operations use different codes for information exchange HF packet is limited to Amateur Extra class amateur licensees; 2-meter packet is open to all but Novice Class amateur licensees HF and 2-meter packet operations are both limited to CW/Data-only band segments E2D04 What is the purpose of digital store-and-forward functions on an Amateur satellite? To upload operational software for the transponder To delay download of telemetry until the satellite is over the control station To store digital messages in the satellite for later download by other stations To relay messages between satellites E2D05 Which of the following techniques is normally used by low-earth orbiting digital satellites to relay messages around the world? Digipeating Store-and-forward Multi-satellite relaying Node hopping E2D06 Which of the following is a commonly used 2-meter APRS frequency? 144.20 MHz 144.39 MHz 145.02 MHz 146.52 MHz E2D07 Which of the following digital protocols is used by APRS? AX.25 802.11 PACTOR AMTOR E2D08 Which of the following types of packet frames is used to transmit APRS beacon data? Connect frames Disconnect frames Acknowledgement frames Unnumbered Information frames E2D09 Under clear communications conditions, which of these digital communications modes has the fastest data throughput? AMTOR 170-Hz shift, 45 baud RTTY PSK31 300-baud packet E2D10 How can an APRS station be used to help support a public service communications activity? An APRS station with an emergency medical technician can automatically transmit medical data to the nearest hospital APRS stations with General Personnel Scanners can automatically relay the participant numbers and time as they pass the check points An APRS station with a GPS unit can automatically transmit information to show a mobile station's position during the event All of these choices are correct E2D11 Which of the following data sources are needed to accurately transmit your geographical location over the APRS network? The NMEA-0183 formatted data from a Global Positioning System (GPS) satellite receiver The latitude and longitude of your location, preferably in degrees, minutes and seconds, entered into the APRS computer software The NMEA-0183 formatted data from a LORAN navigation system Any of these choices is correct E2E01 What is a common method of transmitting data emissions below 30 MHz? DTMF tones modulating an FM signal FSK/AFSK Pulse modulation Spread spectrum E2E02 What do the letters FEC mean as they relate to digital operation? Forward Error Correction First Error Correction Fatal Error Correction Final Error Correction E2E03 How is Forward Error Correction implemented? By the receiving station repeating each block of three data characters By transmitting a special algorithm to the receiving station along with the data characters By transmitting extra data that may be used to detect and correct transmission errors By varying the frequency shift of the transmitted signal according to a predefined algorithm E2E04 What is indicated when one of the ellipses in an FSK crossed-ellipse display suddenly disappears? Selective fading has occurred One of the signal filters has saturated The receiver has drifted 5 kHz from the desired receive frequency The mark and space signal have been inverted E2E05 How does ARQ accomplish error correction? Special binary codes provide automatic correction Special polynomial codes provide automatic correction If errors are detected, redundant data is substituted If errors are detected, a retransmission is requested E2E06 What is the most common data rate used for HF packet communications? 48 baud 110 baud 300 baud 1200 baud E2E07 What is the typical bandwidth of a properly modulated MFSK16 signal? 31 Hz 316 Hz 550 Hz 2 kHz E2E08 Which of the following HF digital modes can be used to transfer binary files? Hellschreiber PACTOR RTTY AMTOR E2E09 Which of the following HF digital modes uses variable-length coding for bandwidth efficiency? RTTY PACTOR MT63 PSK31 E2E10 Which of the following HF digital modes use error-correction coding? MFSK16 RTTY QPSK All of these answers are correct E2E11 What is the Baudot code? A code used to transmit data only in modern computer-based data systems using seven data bits A binary code consisting of eight data bits An alternate name for Morse code The International Telegraph Alphabet Number 2 (ITA2) which uses five data bits E2E12 Which of these digital communications modes has the narrowest bandwidth? MFSK16 170-Hz shift, 45 baud RTTY PSK31 300-baud packet |
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