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Amateur Radio Question PoolsNew! View the differences between the 2008 Extra question pool and the previous pool. Canadian Basic Qualification Question PoolPrev 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 NextB-007-01-01 What type of propagation usually occurs from one hand- held VHF transceiver to another nearby? Tunnel propagation Sky-wave propagation Auroral propagation Line-of-sight propagation B-007-01-02 How does the range of sky-wave propagation compare to ground- wave propagation? It is much shorter It is about the same It depends on the weather It is much longer B-007-01-03 When a signal is returned to earth by the ionosphere, what is this called? Tropospheric propagation Ground-wave propagation Sky-wave propagation Earth-moon-earth propagation B-007-01-04 How are VHF signals propagated within the range of the visible horizon? By direct wave By sky wave By plane wave By geometric wave B-007-01-05 Skywave is another name for: ionospheric wave tropospheric wave ground wave inverted wave B-007-01-06 That portion of the radiation which is directly affected by the surface of the earth is called: tropospheric wave ionospheric wave inverted wave ground wave B-007-01-07 At HF frequencies, line-of-sight transmission between two stations uses mainly the: troposphere skip wave ionosphere ground wave B-007-01-08 The distance travelled by ground waves: depends on the maximum usable frequency is more at higher frequencies is less at higher frequencies is the same for all frequencies B-007-01-09 The radio wave which follows a path from the transmitter to the ionosphere and back to earth is known correctly as the: F layer surface wave ionospheric wave skip wave B-007-01-10 Reception of high frequency (HF) radio waves beyond 4000 km is generally possible by: ground wave ionospheric wave skip wave surface wave B-007-02-01 What causes the ionosphere to form? Lightning ionizing the outer atmosphere Solar radiation ionizing the outer atmosphere Release of fluorocarbons into the atmosphere Temperature changes ionizing the outer atmosphere B-007-02-02 What type of solar radiation is most responsible for ionization in the outer atmosphere? Microwave Ionized particle Ultraviolet Thermal B-007-02-03 Which ionospheric region is closest to the earth? The E region The D region The F region The A region B-007-02-04 Which region of the ionosphere is the least useful for long distance radio-wave propagation? The F2 region The F1 region The D region The E region B-007-02-05 What two sub-regions of ionosphere exist only in the daytime? Troposphere and stratosphere Electrostatic and electromagnetic D and E F1 and F2 B-007-02-06 When is the ionosphere most ionized? Dawn Midnight Midday Dusk B-007-02-07 When is the ionosphere least ionized? Shortly before dawn Just after noon Just after dusk Shortly before midnight B-007-02-08 Why is the F2 region mainly responsible for the longest distance radio-wave propagation? Because it exists only at night Because it is the lowest ionospheric region Because it does not absorb radio waves as much as other ionospheric regions Because it is the highest ionospheric region B-007-02-09 What is the main reason the 160, 80 and 40 metre amateur bands tend to be useful only for short-distance communications during daylight hours? Because of auroral propagation Because of D-region absorption Because of magnetic flux Because of a lack of activity B-007-02-10 During the day, one of the ionospheric layers splits into two parts called: D1 & D2 E1 & E2 A & B F1 & F2 B-007-02-11 The position of the E layer in the ionosphere is: below the D layer below the F layer sporadic above the F layer B-007-03-01 What is a skip zone? An area which is too far away for ground-wave or sky-wave propagation An area covered by sky-wave propagation An area which is too far away for ground-wave propagation, but too close for sky-wave propagation An area covered by ground- wave propagation B-007-03-02 What is the maximum distance along the earth's surface that is normally covered in one hop using the F2 region? None; the F2 region does not support radio-wave propagation 2160 km (1200 miles) 4500km (2500 miles) 325 km (180 miles) B-007-03-04 Skip zone is: a zone of silence caused by lost skywaves a zone between any two refracted waves a zone between the end of the ground wave and the point where the first refracted wave returns to earth a zone between the antenna and the return of the first refracted wave B-007-03-05 The distance to Europe from your location is approximately 5000 km. What sort of propagation is the most likely to be involved? sporadic "E" back scatter multihop tropospheric scatter B-007-03-06 For radio signals, the skip distance is determined by the: power fed to the final angle of radiation type of transmitting antenna used height of the ionosphere and the angle of radiation B-007-03-07 The distance from the transmitter to the nearest point where the sky wave returns to the earth is called the: angle of radiation skip distance maximum usable frequency B-007-03-08 Skip distance is the: the minimum distance reached by a signal after one reflection by the ionosphere the maximum distance reached by a signal after one reflection by the ionosphere the minimum distance reached by a ground-wave signal the maximum distance a signal will travel by both a ground wave and reflected wave B-007-03-09 Skip distance is a term associated with signals from the ionosphere. Skip effects are due to: reflection and refraction from the ionosphere selective fading of local signals high gain antennas being used local cloud cover B-007-03-10 The skip distance of a sky wave will be greatest when the: polarization is vertical ionosphere is most densely ionized angle between ground and radiation is smallest signal given out is strongest B-007-03-11 If the height of the reflecting layer of the ionosphere increases, the skip distance of a high frequency (HF) transmission: stays the same varies regularly becomes greater decreases B-007-04-01 What effect does the D region of the ionosphere have on lower frequency HF signals in the daytime? It absorbs the signals It bends the radio waves out into space It refracts the radio waves back to earth It has little or no effect on 80-metre radio waves B-007-04-02 What causes the ionosphere to absorb radio waves? The presence of ionized clouds in the E region The ionization of the D region The splitting of the F region The weather below the ionosphere B-007-04-03 Two or more parts of the radio wave follow different paths during propagation and this may result in phase differences at the receiver. This "change" at the receiver is called: fading baffling absorption skip B-007-04-04 A change or variation in signal strength at the antenna, caused by differences in path lengths, is called: absorption fluctuation path loss fading B-007-04-05 When a transmitted radio signal reaches a station by a one-hop and two-hop skip path, small changes in the ionosphere can cause: consistent fading of received signal consistently stronger signals variations in signal strength a change in the ground-wave signal B-007-04-06 The usual effect of ionospheric storms is to: produce extreme weather changes cause a fade-out of sky- wave signals prevent communications by ground wave increase the maximum usable frequency B-007-04-07 On the VHF and UHF bands, polarization of the receiving antenna is very important in relation to the transmitting antenna, yet on HF bands it is relatively unimportant. Why is that so? The ionosphere can change the polarization of the signal from moment to moment The ground wave and the sky wave continually shift the polarization Anomalies in the earth's magnetic field produce a profound effect on HF polarization Greater selectivity is possible with HF receivers making changes in polarization redundant B-007-04-08 What causes selective fading? Phase differences between radio wave components of the same transmission, as experienced at the receiving station Small changes in beam heading at the receiving station Time differences between the receiving and transmitting stations Large changes in the height of the ionosphere at the receiving station ordinarily occurring shortly before sunrise and sunset B-007-04-09 How does the bandwidth of a transmitted signal affect selective fading? It is the same for both wide and narrow bandwidths It is more pronounced at wide bandwidths Only the receiver bandwidth determines the selective fading effect It is more pronounced at narrow bandwidths B-007-04-10 Polarization change often takes place on radio waves that are propagated over long distances. Which of these does not cause polarization change? Parabolic interaction Reflections Passage through magnetic fields (Faraday rotation) Refractions B-007-04-11 Reflection of a SSB transmission from the ionosphere causes: little or no phase-shift distortion phase-shift distortion signal cancellation at the receiver a high-pitch squeal at the receiver B-007-05-01 How do sunspots change the ionization of the atmosphere? The more sunspots there are, the greater the ionization The more sunspots there are, the less the ionization Unless there are sunspots, the ionization is zero They have no effect B-007-05-02 How long is an average sunspot cycle? 17 years 5 years 11 years 7 years B-007-05-03 What is solar flux? A measure of the tilt of the earth's ionosphere on the side toward the sun The number of sunspots on the side of the sun facing the earth The radio energy emitted by the sun The density of the sun's magnetic field B-007-05-04 What is the solar-flux index? Another name for the American sunspot number A measure of solar activity that compares daily readings with results from the last six months A measure of solar activity that is taken at a specific frequency A measure of solar activity that is taken annually B-007-05-05 What influences all radiocommunication beyond ground-wave or line-of-sight ranges? The F2 region of the ionosphere The F1 region of the ionosphere Solar activity Lunar tidal effects B-007-05-06 Which two types of radiation from the sun influence propagation? Subaudible and audio-frequency emissions Polar region and equatorial emissions Infra-red and gamma-ray emissions Electromagnetic and particle emissions B-007-05-07 When sunspot numbers are high, how is the ionosphere affected? Frequencies up to 40 MHz or higher are normally usable for long-distance communication High frequency radio signals are absorbed Frequencies up to 100 MHz or higher are normally usable for long-distance communication High frequency radio signals become weak and distorted B-007-05-08 All communication frequencies throughout the spectrum are affected in varying degrees by the: ionosphere aurora borealis atmospheric conditions sun B-007-05-09 Average duration of a solar cycle is: 11 years 3 years 6 years 1 year B-007-05-10 The ability of the ionosphere to reflect high frequency radio signals depends on: the amount of solar radiation the power of the transmitted signal the receiver sensitivity upper atmosphere weather conditions B-007-05-11 Propagation cycles have a period of approximately 11: years months days centuries B-007-06-01 What happens to signals higher in frequency than the critical frequency? They pass through the ionosphere They are absorbed by the ionosphere Their frequency is changed by the ionosphere to be below the maximum usable frequency They are reflected back to their source B-007-06-02 What causes the maximum usable frequency to vary? The amount of radiation received from the sun, mainly ultraviolet The temperature of the ionosphere The speed of the winds in the upper atmosphere The type of weather just below the ionosphere B-007-06-03 What does maximum usable frequency mean? The lowest frequency signal that will reach its intended destination The highest frequency signal that is most absorbed by the ionosphere The lowest frequency signal that is most absorbed by the ionosphere The highest frequency signal that will reach its intended destination B-007-06-04 What can be done at an amateur station to continue HF communications during a sudden ionospheric disturbance? Try a higher frequency Try the other sideband Try a different antenna polarization Try a different frequency shift B-007-06-05 What is one way to determine if the maximum usable frequency (MUF) is high enough to support 28 MHz propagation between your station and western Europe? Listen for signals on the 10-metre beacon frequency Listen for signals on the 20-metre beacon frequency Listen for signals on the 39-metre broadcast frequency Listen for WWVH time signals on 20 MHz B-007-06-06 What usually happens to radio waves with frequencies below the maximum usable frequency (MUF) when they are sent into the ionosphere? They are changed to a frequency above the MUF They are completely absorbed by the ionosphere They are bent back to the earth They pass through the ionosphere B-007-06-07 At what point in the solar cycle does the 20-metre band usually support worldwide propagation during daylight hours? Only at the minimum point of the solar cycle Only at the maximum point of the solar cycle At any point in the solar cycle At the summer solstice B-007-06-08 If we transmit a signal, the frequency of which is so high we no longer receive a reflection from the ionosphere, the signal frequency is above the: skip distance maximum usable frequency speed of light sunspot frequency B-007-06-09 Communication on the 80 metre band is generally most difficult during: daytime in summer evening in winter evening in summer daytime in winter B-007-06-10 The optimum working frequency provides the best long range HF communication. Compared with the maximum usable frequency (MUF), it is usually: double the MUF half the MUF slightly lower slightly higher B-007-06-11 During summer daytime, which bands are the most difficult for communications beyond ground wave? 160 and 80 metres 40 metres 30 metres 20 metres B-007-07-01 Which ionospheric region most affects sky-wave propagation on the 6 metre band? The F2 region The F1 region The E region The D region B-007-07-02 What effect does tropospheric bending have on 2-metre radio waves? It causes them to travel shorter distances It garbles the signal It reverses the sideband of the signal It lets you contact stations farther away B-007-07-03 What causes tropospheric ducting of radio waves? Lightning between the transmitting and receiving stations An aurora to the north A temperature inversion A very low pressure area B-007-07-04 That portion of the radiation kept close to the earth's surface due to bending in the atmosphere is called the: inverted wave ground wave tropospheric wave ionospheric wave B-007-07-05 What is a sporadic-E condition? Patches of dense ionization at E-region height Partial tropospheric ducting at E-region height Variations in E-region height caused by sunspot variations A brief decrease in VHF signals caused by sunspot variations B-007-07-06 On which amateur frequency band is the extended-distance propagation effect of sporadic-E most often observed? 160 metres 20 metres 6 metres 2 metres B-007-07-07 In the northern hemisphere, in which direction should a directional antenna be pointed to take maximum advantage of auroral propagation? East North West South B-007-07-08 Where in the ionosphere does auroral activity occur? At F-region height At E-region height In the equatorial band At D-region height B-007-07-09 Which emission modes are best for auroral propagation? RTTY and AM FM and CW CW and SSB SSB and FM B-007-07-10 Excluding enhanced propagation modes, what is the approximate range of normal VHF tropospheric propagation? 2400 km (1500 miles) 800 km (500 miles) 3200 km (2000 miles) 1600 km (1000 miles) B-007-07-11 What effect is responsible for propagating a VHF signal over 800 km (500 miles)? Faraday rotation Tropospheric ducting D-region absorption Moon bounce B-007-08-01 What kind of propagation would best be used by two stations within each other's skip zone on a certain frequency? Scatter-mode Sky-wave Ducting Ground-wave B-007-08-02 If you receive a weak, distorted signal from a distance, and close to the maximum usable frequency, what type of propagation is probably occurring? Ground-wave Line-of-sight Scatter Ducting B-007-08-03 What is a characteristic of HF scatter signals? Reversed modulation A wavering sound Reversed sidebands High intelligibility B-007-08-04 What makes HF scatter signals often sound distorted? Energy scattered into the skip zone through several radio-wave paths Auroral activity and changes in the earth's magnetic field Propagation through ground waves that absorb much of the signal The state of the E-region at the point of refraction B-007-08-05 Why are HF scatter signals usually weak? Propagation through ground waves absorbs most of the signal energy Only a small part of the signal energy is scattered into the skip zone The F region of the ionosphere absorbs most of the signal energy Auroral activity absorbs most of the signal energy B-007-08-06 What type of radio-wave propagation allows a signal to be detected at a distance too far for ground-wave propagation but too near for normal sky- wave propagation? Short-path skip Sporadic-E skip Scatter Ground wave B-007-08-07 When does scatter propagation on the HF bands most often occur? When the sunspot cycle is at a minimum and D-region absorption is high At night When the F1 and F2 regions are combined When communicating on frequencies B-007-08-08 Which of the following IS NOT a scatter mode? Meteor scatter Tropospheric scatter Ionospheric scatter Absorption scatter B-007-08-09 Meteor scatter is most effective on what band? 40 metres 6 metres 15 metres 160 metres B-007-08-10 Which of the following IS NOT a scatter mode? Side scatter Back scatter Inverted scatter Forward scatter B-007-08-11 In which frequency range is meteor scatter most effective for extended-range communication? 30 - 100 MHz 10 - 30 MHz 3 - 10 MHz 100 - 300 MHz |
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